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2.
J. bras. pneumol ; 39(2): 238-241, mar.-abr. 2013. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-673315

ABSTRACT

A dissecção da artéria pulmonar é uma complicação fatal da hipertensão pulmonar de longa duração que se manifesta como dor torácica aguda e lancinante, dispneia progressiva, choque cardiogênico ou morte súbita. Sua incidência é subestimada, e as opções terapêuticas são ainda limitadas. O aparecimento de uma dor torácica aguda ou nova, choque cardiogênico ou morte súbita em pacientes portadores de hipertensão pulmonar deve alertar para o diagnóstico de dissecção da artéria pulmonar.


Pulmonary artery dissection is a fatal complication of long-standing pulmonary hypertension, manifesting as acute, stabbing chest pain, progressive dyspnea, cardiogenic shock, or sudden death. Its incidence has been underestimated, and therapeutic options are still scarce. In patients with pulmonary hypertension, new chest pain, acute chest pain, or cardiogenic shock should raise the suspicion of pulmonary artery dissection, which can result in sudden death.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Aortic Dissection , Hypertension, Pulmonary/complications , Pulmonary Artery , Chest Pain/etiology , Death, Sudden/etiology , Fatal Outcome , Shock, Cardiogenic/etiology
3.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop ; 45(4): 500-504, July-Aug. 2012. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-646921

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: There is no study relating magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to ultrasound (US) findings in patients with Schistosomiasis mansoni. Our aim was to describe MRI findings inpatients with schistosomal liver disease identified by US. METHODS: Fifty-four patients (mean age 41.6±13.5years) from an area endemic for Schistosomiasis mansoni were selected for this study.All had US indicating liver schistosomal fibrosis and were evaluated with MRI performed witha 1.5-T superconducting magnet unit (Sigma). RESULTS: Forty-seven (87%) of the 54 patientsshowing signs of periportal fibrosis identified through US investigation had confirmed diagnosesby MRI. In the seven discordant cases (13%), MRI revealed fat tissue filling in the hilar periportalspace where US indicated isolated thickening around the main portal vein at its point of entryto the liver. We named this the fatty hilum sign. One of the 47 patients with MRI evidence ofperiportal fibrosis had had his gallbladder removed previously. Thirty-five (76.1%) of the other46 patients had an expanded gallbladder fossa filled with fat tissue, whereas MRI of the remainingeleven showed pericholecystic signs of fibrosis. CONCLUSIONS: Echogenic thickening of thegallbladder wall and of the main portal vein wall heretofore attributed to fibrosis were frequentlyidentified as fat tissue in MRI. However, the gallbladder wall thickening shown in US (expandedgallbladder fossa in MRI) is probably secondary to combined hepatic morphologic changes inschistosomiasis, representing severe liver involvement.


INTRODUÇÃO: Não existem estudos que correlacionam os achados da ressonância magnética (RM) aos da ultrassonografia (US) em pacientes com esquistossomose mansônica. O objetivodeste estudo foi descrever os achados da imagem por RM em pacientes com doença hepática esquistossomótica identificada por US. MÉTODOS: Selecionaram-se 54 pacientes com idade média de 41,6±13,5 anos, provenientes de área endêmica para a esquistossomose mansônica. Todos apresentavam US indicativa de fibrose hepática esquistossomótica, e foram avaliados com imagens por RM, realizadas com uma unidade magnética supercondutora de 1,5-T(Sigma). RESULTADOS: Quarenta e sete (87%) entre 54 pacientes com sinais ultrassonográficosde fibrose periportal esquistossomótica tiveram este diagnóstico confirmado pela RM. Nos sete(13%) casos discordantes, a RM revelou tecido adiposo preenchendo o espaço periportal hilaronde a US indicava espessamento isolado da parede da veia porta em seu ponto de entrada no fígado. Este achado foi nomeado sinal do hilo gorduroso. Um dos 47 pacientes com evidência de fibrose periportal RM era colecistectomizado. Trinta e quatro (76,1%) dos 46 pacientes restantes apresentavam expansão da fossa da vesícula, que se encontrava preenchida portecido adiposo. Nos outros sete, a RM revelou sinais de fibrose pericolecística. CONCLUSÕES: Os espessamentos ecogênicos central da parede da veia porta, e da parede da vesícula biliar, até o momento, atribuídos à fibrose, foram frequentemente identificados como tecido adiposopela RM. Entretanto, o espessamento da parede da vesícula identificado pela US (expansão da fossa da vesícula na RM) é provavelmente secundário a alterações morfológicas hepáticas na esquistossomose, e representa comprometimento grave do fígado.


Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Liver Diseases, Parasitic/pathology , Liver Diseases, Parasitic , Schistosomiasis mansoni/pathology , Schistosomiasis mansoni , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Severity of Illness Index
4.
J. bras. pneumol ; 37(2): 272-276, mar.-abr. 2011. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-583928

ABSTRACT

A esquistossomose mansoni é a terceira doença parasitária endêmica mais prevalente do mundo. Estima-se que mais de 200 milhões de pessoas estejam infectadas com uma das espécies do parasita Schistosoma. Dessas, 270.000 pessoas (4,6 por cento) são portadoras de hipertensão arterial pulmonar, que é associada à forma hepatoesplênica da doença. Essa alta prevalência coloca a hipertensão pulmonar esquistossomótica como a causa mais frequente de hipertensão pulmonar no mundo. Entretanto, o tratamento dirigido especificamente ao acometimento vascular pulmonar não está ainda estabelecido. Relatamos o caso de uma paciente portadora dessa doença que foi tratada com um inibidor de fosfodiesterase-5 (sildenafil) com resultados satisfatórios.


Schistosomiasis mansoni is the third most prevalent endemic parasitic disease in the world. It is estimated that over 200 million people are infected with parasites belonging to one of the Schistosoma species. Of those, 270,000 people (4.6 percent) suffer from pulmonary arterial hypertension, which is associated with the hepatosplenic form of the disease. This high prevalence makes schistosomiasis-associated pulmonary hypertension the leading cause of pulmonary hypertension worldwide. However, no specific treatment for the pulmonary vascular component of the disease has yet been devised. We report the case of a patient with schistosomiasis-associated pulmonary hypertension who was treated satisfactorily with a phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor (sildenafil).


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Hypertension, Pulmonary/drug therapy , /therapeutic use , Piperazines/therapeutic use , Schistosomiasis/complications , Sulfones/therapeutic use , Exercise Test , Hypertension, Pulmonary/parasitology , Purines/therapeutic use , Walking/physiology
5.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop ; 44(1): 119-121, Jan.-Feb. 2011. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-579847

ABSTRACT

We present the case of a 31-year-old man with acute manifestation of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) as an AIDS-defining disease. The patient presented with a three-day history of neurological disease, brain lesions without mass effect or contrast uptake and a slightly increased protein concentration in cerebrospinal fluid. A serological test for HIV was positive and the CD4+ T-cell count was 427/mm³. Histological examination of the brain tissue revealed abnormalities compatible with PML. The disease progressed despite antiretroviral therapy, and the patient died three months later. PML remains an important cause of morbidity and mortality among HIV-infected patients.


Apresentamos o caso de um homem de 31 anos com leucoencefalopatia multifocal progressiva (LMP) de manifestação aguda como doença definidora de AIDS. O paciente apresentou-se com doença neurológica com três dias de evolução, lesões encefálicas sem efeito de massa ou captação de contraste e leve aumento de proteínas no líquor. Sorologia para o HIV foi positiva e a contagem de linfócitos T CD4+ era de 427/mm³. O exame histológico de tecido cerebral revelou alterações compatíveis com LMP. A doença progrediu a despeito da terapia antirretroviral, e o paciente morreu após três meses. LMP permanece como causa relevante de mortalidade e morbidade em pacientes infectados pelo HIV.


Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Male , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/complications , Leukoencephalopathy, Progressive Multifocal/etiology , Acute Disease , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/immunology , Fatal Outcome , Leukoencephalopathy, Progressive Multifocal/diagnosis , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Tomography, X-Ray Computed
6.
Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz ; 105(4): 479-484, July 2010. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-554816

ABSTRACT

We reviewed ultrasound features in patients with schistosomiasis mansoni. The alterations that we observed in acute and hepatosplenic schistosomiasis are described. The advantages and disadvantages of using ultrasound patterns in the evaluation of liver fibrosis are discussed. Other diseases that are important in the differential diagnosis of schistosomal liver fibrosis are presented. Ultrasound is an effective and flexible diagnostic tool in the evaluation of a variety of diseases. It presents no harmful effects to patients, allowing non-invasive studies in hospitalized patients and in other facilities.


Subject(s)
Humans , Liver Diseases, Parasitic , Schistosomiasis mansoni , Splenic Diseases , Acute Disease , Diagnosis, Differential , Splenic Diseases
7.
Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz ; 105(4): 519-523, July 2010. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-554824

ABSTRACT

The Schistosomiasis Control Program (PCE) was implemented in Minas Gerais (MG) in 1984. In 1999, the state started the investigation and control of schistosomiasis in 470 municipalities. The aim of the present paper is to report the evolution of this Program from 1984-2007. The program included a coproscopic survey carried out in the municipalities of known endemic areas using a quantitative method. Positives were treated with praziquantel and given a program of health education. The information for this study was obtained from data collected and stored by the Health State Department. From 2003-2007, 2,643,564 stool examinations resulted in 141,284 positive tests for Schistosoma mansoni (5.3 percent). In the first evaluation after treatment, a decrease in the number of municipalities with prevalence over 10 percent was documented. In one village, selected for a more detailed evaluation, the percentage of positive tests decreased from 14.9 percent in the baseline survey to 5.3 percent after treatment. A reference centre for patients with severe schistosomiasis was created in Belo Horizonte, MG. Based on our findings, we believe that the implementation of PCE in MG is on the right path and in due time these new initiatives will provide desirable results.


Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Anthelmintics , Feces , Praziquantel , Schistosoma mansoni , Schistosomiasis mansoni , Brazil , Health Education , National Health Programs , Prevalence , Program Evaluation , Schistosomiasis mansoni , Schistosomiasis mansoni
8.
Rev. méd. Minas Gerais ; 20(2,supl.1): S11-S14, abr.-jun. 2010.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-600008

ABSTRACT

A sobrevida dos pacientes com câncer aumentou consideravelmente nos últimos 20 anos e, com ela,o número de eventos adversos associados aos quimioterápicos. A cardiotoxicidade crônica induzida pelos agentes antineoplásicos pode comprometer a sobrevida e a qualidade de vida dos pacientes, independentemente de seu prognóstico oncológico. Inúmeros fármacos foram associados a eventos adversos cardiovasculares, e até o momento não há protocolos bem estabelecidos para se detectar precocemente a toxicidade cardíaca. Alguns métodos auxiliam o diagnóstico, como o ecocardiograma, a dosagem de marcadores bioquímicos como a troponina I e o peptídeo natriurético, e a biópsia endomiocárdica. A cardiotoxicidade induzida por quimioterápicos tem se mostrado irreversível e ,uma vez estabelecida a disfunção miocárdica, seu tratamento independe do agente associado à indução da lesão. Estudos recentes sugerem o papel de agentes específicos como o dexrazoxane, a eritropoietina, a trombopoietina e os inibidores da enzima conversora de angiotensina na prevenção do desenvolvimento de cardiotoxicidade relacionada à quimioterapia.


Life expectancy of cancer patients has considerably increased in the last 20 years, but adverseevents associated to chemotherapy have also been more frequent. Chronic cardiactoxicity of antineoplastic agents can compromise survival and quality of life, independentof the oncological prognosis. A wide range of chemotherapy drugs have been associatedto cardiovascular adverse events, and until nowadays there are no well establishedprotocols for early detection of cardiac toxicity. Some methods help in identifying initialcardiomyopathy, such as the echocardiogram, the biochemical markers troponin I andnatriuretic peptide, and endomiocardial biopsy. Chemotherapy induced cardiotoxicityseems to be irreversible, and once myocardial dysfunction is established, the treatmentis not dependent of the causative drug. Recent studies suggest a role for specific agentssuch as dexrazoxan, eritropoietin, thrombopoietin and angiotensin converting enzymeinhibitors in preventing chemotherapy induced cardiotoxicity.


Subject(s)
Humans , Antineoplastic Agents/toxicity , Cardiovascular Diseases , Neoplasms/drug therapy , Drug Therapy/adverse effects
9.
Rev. méd. Minas Gerais ; 20(2,supl.1): S101-S103, abr.-jun. 2010. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-600029

ABSTRACT

No Brasil, a principal etiologia da insuficiência cardíaca (IC) é a cardiopatia isquêmica crônica associada à hipertensão arterial. A IC pode se manifestar como doença crônica estável ou descompensada. A IC descompensada pode se apresentar como edema agudo de pulmão ou choque cardiogênico no atendimento de urgência. Este trabalho descreve a evolução de paciente admitida em unidade de pronto-socorro com choque cardiogênico secundário à miocardiopatia induzida por agentes antineoplásicos, manifesta quatro anos após a quimioterapia para câncer de mama.


The main cause of heart failure (HF) in Brazil is ischemic cardiomyopathy associated to arterial hypertension. HF can present as a chronic stable or as a decompensated disease. Decompensated HF can manifest as acute pulmonary edema and cardiogenic shock in the emergency unit. We describe here a patient admitted to an emergency room with cardiogenic shock secondary to cardiomyopathy induced by antineoplastic agents, 4 years after chemotherapy for breast cancer.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Middle Aged , Antineoplastic Agents/adverse effects , Cardiomyopathies/complications , Shock, Cardiogenic/complications , Electrocardiography , Radiography, Thoracic
12.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop ; 40(5): 574-581, out. 2007. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-467019

ABSTRACT

Schistosomal myeloradiculopathy is the most severe and disabling ectopic form of Schistosoma mansoni infection. The prevalence of SMR in centres in Brazil and Africa that specialise in attending patients with non traumatic myelopathy is around 5 percent. The initial signs and symptoms of the disease include lumbar and/or lower limb pain, paraparesis, urinary and intestinal dysfunctions, and impotence in men. The cerebrospinal fluid of SMR patients shows an increase in protein concentration and in the number of mononuclear cells in 90 percent of cases; eosinophils have been reported in 40 percent. The use of magnetic resonance imaging is particularly valuable in the diagnosis of Schistosomal myeloradiculopathy. The exclusion of other myelopathies and systemic diseases remains mandatory. Early diagnosis and treatment with steroids and schistosomicides provide a cure for most patients, whilst delayed treatment can result in irreversible physical disabilities or death. To improve awareness concerning Schistosomal myeloradiculopathy amongst public health professionals, and to facilitate the control of the disease, the Brazilian Ministry of Health has launched a program of education and control of this ectopic form of schistosomiasis. The present paper reviews current methods for the diagnosis of SMR and outlines protocols for treatment of the disease.


A mielorradiculopatia esquistossomótica é a forma ectópica mais grave da infecção pelo Schistosoma mansoni. A prevalência da mielorradiculopatia esquistossomótica em centros médicos no Brasil e em África, especializados no atendimento de pacientes com mielopatia, encontra-se em torno de 5 por cento. Os sintomas e sinais iniciais da doença incluem: dor lombar e/ou dor em membros inferiores, paraparesia, disfunções urinária e intestinal, e impotência no homem. A análise do líqüor destes pacientes revela aumento na concentração de proteínas e no número de células mononucleares em 90 por cento dos casos; a presença de eosinófilos foi documentada em 40 por cento. O uso rotineiro da ressonância magnética tornou-se obrigatório na definição diagnóstica. A exclusão de outras mielopatias e doenças sistêmicas é mandatória. O diagnóstico precoce e o tratamento com corticoesteróides e esquistossomicidas curam a maioria dos pacientes, enquanto o atraso em iniciar o tratamento resulta em seqüelas irreversíveis ou morte. Para melhorar a percepção da importância da mielorradiculopatia associada à esquistossomose, o Ministério da Saúde do Brasil lançou programa de controle dessa forma ectópica da esquistossomose. Nesta revisão, descrevem-se os métodos diagnósticos atuais para o diagnóstico e os protocolos para o tratamento da doença.


Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Neuroschistosomiasis , Radiculopathy , Spinal Cord Diseases , Anthelmintics/administration & dosage , Drug Therapy, Combination , Glucocorticoids/administration & dosage , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Methylprednisolone/administration & dosage , Neuroschistosomiasis/diagnosis , Neuroschistosomiasis/drug therapy , Praziquantel/administration & dosage , Radiculopathy/diagnosis , Radiculopathy/drug therapy , Radiculopathy/parasitology , Spinal Cord Diseases/diagnosis , Spinal Cord Diseases/drug therapy , Spinal Cord Diseases/parasitology
16.
Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz ; 101(supl.1): 37-44, Oct. 2006. tab, mapas, ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-441225

ABSTRACT

From 2002 to 2005, a program of active search for patients with hepatosplenic schistosomiasis and schistosomal myeloradiculopathy has been implemented in the state of Minas Gerais by the local Health Department. The state was divided in 28 regional health centers and the local representatives have been trained to identify and direct patients with hepatosplenic schistosomiasis and neuroschistosomiasis to a reference center in Belo Horizonte, the capital of the state of Minas Gerais. Seventy five patients with hepatosplenic schistosomiasis and 54 with schistosomal myeloradiculopathy have been referred and examined in the reference center in a period of time of 3 years. Schistosomal myeloradiculopathy should be emphasized because the number of cases reported is increasing rapidly and when timely diagnosed and treated, they respond promptly to treatment. Left untreated, they die or become invalid for life. In our view, the time has come for more active investigation of the different aspects of morbidity caused by schistosomiasis mansoni in Brazil.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Animals , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Liver Diseases, Parasitic/parasitology , Neuroschistosomiasis/complications , Radiculopathy/parasitology , Schistosomiasis mansoni/complications , Splenic Diseases/parasitology , Brazil/epidemiology , Endemic Diseases , Liver Diseases, Parasitic/epidemiology , Neuroschistosomiasis/epidemiology , Radiculopathy/epidemiology , Schistosomiasis mansoni/epidemiology , Splenic Diseases/epidemiology
19.
Rev. bras. neurol ; 41(4): 23-29, out.-dez. 2005. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-502947

ABSTRACT

Inflamação é parte do processo fisiológico que visa reparar o dano tecidual causado por infecção, trauma, isquemia, autoimunidade. Entretanto, quando o processo inflamatório não é controlado, pode contribuir para o aumento da lesão tecidual. A regulação da resposta inflamatória no sistema nervoso central (SNC) envolve diferentes tipos celulares, como neutrófilos, macrófagos e linfócitos, células da glia, moléculas de adesão, citocinas e quimiocinas. As quimiocinas são uma família de citocinas de baixo peso molecular responsáveis pelo recrutamento seletivo de leucócitos, e subdividem-se em quatro subfamílias de acordo com a posição do resíduo cisteína N-terminal dessas moléculas: C, CC, CXC, CX3C. O objetivo desta revisão é apresentar o papel das quimiocinas na regulação da inflamação em doenças do SNC.


Inflammation is part of the physiological process that aims at repairing the tissue damage produced by infection, trauma, ischemia, autoimmune diseases. However, when this process is not controlled, it can increase the tissue lesion. The regulation of the inflammatory response in the central nervous system (CNS) involves different cell types such as neutrophils, macrophages, lymphocytes, glia cells, adhesion molecules, cytokines and chemokines. Chemokines are a large family of low-molecular weight cytokines associated with the selective trafficking of leukocytes, and are classified into four subfamilies on the basis of the arrangement of cysteine residues located in the N-terminal region of these molecules: C, CC, CXC and CX3C. This review will attempt to describe the role of chemokines in the regulation of inflammation in CNS diseases.


Subject(s)
Central Nervous System Diseases/physiopathology , Inflammation/physiopathology , Inflammation/immunology , Leukocytes/immunology , Leukocytes/metabolism , Chemokines/physiology , Receptors, Chemokine/physiology
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